INCOME TAX
| Main personal allowances and reliefs | 26/27 | 25/26 |
| Personal allowance* | £12,570 | £12,570 |
| Marriage/civil partners’ transferable allowance | £1,260 | £1,260 |
| Blind person’s allowance | £3,250 | £3,130 |
| Rent-a-room relief | £7,500 | £7,500 |
| Property allowance and trading allowance (each) | £1,000 | £1,000 |
* Personal allowance reduced by £1 for every £2 of adjusted net income over £100,000
| UK taxpayers excluding Scottish taxpayers’ non-dividend, non-savings income | 26/27 | 25/26 |
| 20% basic rate on taxable income up to | £37,700 | £37,700 |
| 40% higher rate on next slice of income over | £37,700 | £37,700 |
| 45% additional rate on income over | £125,140 | £125,140 |
| Scottish taxpayers – non-dividend, non-savings income | 26/27 | 25/26 |
| 19% starter rate on taxable income up to | £3,967 | £2,827 |
| 20% basic rate on next slice up to | £16,956 | £14,921 |
| 21% intermediate rate on next slice up to | £31,092 | £31,092 |
| 42% higher rate on next slice up to | £62,430 | £62,430 |
| 45% advanced rate on next slice up to | £125,140 | £125,140 |
| 48% top rate on income over | £125,140 | £125,140 |
| All UK taxpayers | 26/27 | 25/26 |
| Starting rate at 0% on band of savings income up to** | £5,000 | £5,000 |
| Personal savings allowance at 0%: Basic rate Higher rate Additional rate | £1,000 £500 £0 | £1,000 £500 £0 |
| Dividend allowance at 0%: All individuals | £500 | £500 |
| Tax rates on dividend income: Basic rate | 10.75% | 8.75% |
| Higher rate | 35.75% | 33.75% |
| Additional rate | 39.35% | 39.35% |
| Trusts: Income exemption generally | £500 | £500 |
| Rate applicable to trusts: Dividends | 39.35% | 39.35% |
| Other income | 45% | 45% |
** Not available if taxable non-savings income exceeds the starting rate band
| High Income Child Benefit Charge: 1% of benefit per £200 of adjusted net income between £60,000 and £80,000 |
REGISTERED PENSIONS
| 26/27 | 25/26 | |
| Lump sum and death benefit allowance | £1,073,100 | £1,073,100 |
| Lump sum allowance | £268,275 | £268,275 |
| Money purchase annual allowance | £10,000 | £10,000 |
| Annual allowance* | £60,000 | £60,000 |
| Annual allowance charge on excess is at applicable tax rate(s) on earnings | ||
* Reduced by £1 for every £2 of adjusted income over £260,000 to a minimum of £10,000, subject to threshold income being over £200,000
STATE PENSIONS
| Annual | Weekly | |
| New state pension | £12,547.60 | £241.30 |
| Basic state pension – single person* | £9,614.80 | £184.90 |
| Basic state pension – spouse/civil partner* | £5,759.00 | £110.75 |
*State pension age reached before 6/4/16
TAX INCENTIVISED INVESTMENTS
| 26/27 | 25/26 | |
| Total Individual Savings Account (ISA) limit, excluding Junior ISAs (JISAs) | £20,000 | £20,000 |
| Lifetime ISA | £4,000 | £4,000 |
| JISA/Child Trust Fund | £9,000 | £9,000 |
| Venture Capital Trust (VCT) up to £200,000 | 20% | 30% |
| Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) at 30%* | £2,000,000 | £2,000,000 |
| EIS eligible for CGT deferral relief | No limit | No limit |
| Seed EIS (SEIS) at 50% | £200,000 | £200,000 |
| SEIS CGT reinvestment relief | 50% | 50% |
*Above £1,000,000 investment must be in knowledge-intensive companies
NATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS
| Class 1 | 26/27 | |
| Employee | Employer | |
| NICs rate | 8% | 15% |
| No NICs for employees generally on the first | £242 pw | £96 pw |
| No NICs for younger employees* on the first | £242 pw | £967 pw |
| NICs rate charged up to | £967 pw | No limit |
| 2% NICs on earnings over | £967 pw | N/A |
*No employer NICs on the first £967 pw for employees generally under 21 years, apprentices under 25 years and veterans in first 12 months of civilian employment. No employer NICs on the first £481 pw for employees at freeports and investment zones in the first 36 months of employment
| Limits and thresholds | Weekly | Monthly | Annual |
| Lower earnings limit | £129 | £559 | £6,708 |
| Primary threshold | £242 | £1,048 | £12,570 |
| Secondary threshold | £96 | £417 | £5,000 |
| Upper earnings limit (and upper secondary thresholds) | £967 | £4,189 | £50,270 |
| Employment allowance | £10,500 | ||
| Per business – not available if sole employee is a director | |||
| Class 1A Employer | |||
| On most employees’ and directors’ taxable benefits | 15% | ||
| Class 2 Self-employed Flat rate per week (voluntary) | £3.65 | (£189.80 pa) | |
| Small profits threshold | £7,105 | ||
| Class 4 Self-employed On annual profits of | £12,570 to £50,270: | 6% | |
| Over £50,270: | 2% | ||
| Class 3 Voluntary flat rate per week | £18.40 | (£956.80 pa) | |
CAPITAL GAINS TAX
| 26/27 | 25/26 | |
| Annual exemption: Individuals, estates, etc | £3,000 | £3,000 |
| Trusts generally | £1,500 | £1,500 |
| Below UK higher rate band Tax rate | 18% | 18% |
| Within UK higher and additional rate bands Tax rate | 24% | 24% |
| Carried interest (all tax bands) Tax rate | N/A | 32% |
| Trusts and estates Tax rate | 24% | 24% |
| Business Asset Disposal Relief 18% (14% 25/26) onlifetime limit of £1,000,000 for trading businesses and companies (minimum 5% participation) held for at least 2 years |
INHERITANCE TAX
| 26/27 and 25/26 | |
| Nil-rate band*/residence nil-rate band*† | £325,000/£175,000 |
| Rate of tax on excess/if at least 10% net estate left to charity | 40%/36% |
| Lifetime transfers to and from certain trusts | 20% |
| Non-long-term resident spouse/civil partner exemption | £325,000 |
| * Up to 100% of the unused proportion can be claimed on the surviving spouse’s/civil partner’s death † Estates over £2,000,000: reduced by 50% of the excess over £2,000,000 | |
| Reliefs | Businesses, unlisted shares, some farms | AIM shares | Certain other assets |
| 26/27 | 100% up to a maximum of £2,500,000*, with 50% thereafter | 50% | 50% |
| 25/26 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| *Up to 100% of the unused proportion can be claimed on the surviving spouse’s/civil partner’s death |
| Annual exempt gifts of: £3,000 per donor £250 per donee |
| Tapered tax charge on lifetime gifts between 3 and 7 years of death |
| Years 0–3 full 40% rate, then 8% less for each year until 0% at 7 or more years. |
STAMP DUTIES AND PROPERTY TRANSACTION TAXES
| Stamp Duty and SDRT*: Stocks and marketable securities 0.5% * 0% SDRT for transfers of newly UK listed securities from 27 November 2025 |
| Additional residential and all corporate residential properties £40,000 or more – add 5% to SDLT rates, 8% to LBTT rates and 5% to most LTT rates |
| England & N Ireland – Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) on slices of value | |||
| Residential property | % | Commercial property† | % |
| Up to £125,000 | 0 | Up to £150,000 | 0 |
| £125,001–£250,000 | 2 | £150,001–£250,000 | 2 |
| £250,001–£925,000 | 5 | Over £250,000 | 5 |
| £925,001–£1,500,000 | 10 | ||
| Over £1,500,000 | 12 | ||
| First time buyers: 0% on first £300,000 for properties up to £500,000 Non-resident purchasers: 2% surcharge on properties £40,000 or more Residential properties bought by companies etc over £500,000: 17% of total consideration, subject to certain exemptions †0% for freeport and investment zone qualifying property in England only | |||
| Scotland – Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) on slices of value | |||
| Residential property | % | Commercial property† | % |
| Up to £145,000 | 0 | Up to £150,000 | 0 |
| £145,001–£250,000 | 2 | £150,001–£250,000 | 1 |
| £250,001–£325,000 | 5 | Over £250,000 | 5 |
| £325,001–£750,000 | 10 | ||
| Over £750,000 | 12 | ||
| First time buyers: 0% on the first £175,000 | |||
| Wales – Land Transaction Tax (LTT) on slices of value | |||
| Residential property | % | Commercial property† | % |
| Up to £225,000 | 0 | Up to £225,000 | 0 |
| £225,001–£400,000 | 6 | £225,001–£250,000 | 1 |
| £400,001–£750,000 | 7.5 | £250,001–£1,000,000 | 5 |
| £750,001–£1,500,000 | 10 | Over £1,000,000 | 6 |
| Over £1,500,000 | 12 | ||
†0% for freeport and investment zone qualifying property
CORPORATION TAX
| Year to 31/3/27 and 31/3/26 | Profits £0–£50,000 £50,001–£250,000 £250,001 and above | Effective rate 19.0% 26.5% 25.0% | Diverted profits 31% |
| Loans to participators | 33.75% | ||
VALUE ADDED TAX
| Standard rate | 20% |
| Domestic fuel | 5% |
| Installation of energy saving materials (except Northern Ireland) | 0% |
| Registration level £90,000 | Deregistration £88,000 |
| Flat rate scheme turnover limit | £150,000 |
| Cash and annual accounting schemes turnover limit | £1,350,000 |
CAR BENEFITS
Taxable amount based on original list price and CO2 emissions in g/km.
Zero emission cars 4%
Petrol and diesel hybrids with CO2 emissions 1–50g/km
| Range – electric-only miles | < 30 | 30–39 | 40–69 | 70–129 | 130+ |
| 16% | 14% | 10% | 7% | 4% |
| All non-diesel cars over 50g/km CO2 | 51–54 | 55 & over |
| 17% | 18%*–37% |
*Increased by 1% increments up to the maximum 37% (at 155g/km and over)
Diesels not meeting RDE2: add 4% to non-diesel rates, up to 37%
| Fuel benefit – taxable amount for private use | 26/27 | 25/26 |
| CO2 % charge used for car benefit multiplied by | £29,200 | £28,200 |
VANS – FOR PRIVATE USE
| 26/27 | 25/26 | |
| Zero emission: chargeable amount | Nil | Nil |
| Other vans: chargeable amount | £4,170 | £4,020 |
| Fuel: chargeable amount | £798 | £769 |
TAX-FREE BUSINESS MILEAGE ALLOWANCE – OWN VEHICLE
| Cars and vans first10,000 miles | 45p per mile | then 25p per mile |
| Qualifying passenger | 5p per mile | |
| Motorcycles | 24p per mile | Bicycles 20p per mile |
MAIN CAPITAL AND OTHER ALLOWANCES
| Plant & machinery (P&M) 100% annual investment allowance (1st year) | £1,000,000 | |||
| P&M allowance for companies (1st year)* | 100% | |||
| Special rate P&M allowance for companies (1st year)* | 50% | |||
| P&M allowance for all businesses (1st year) from 1 January 2026 | 40% | |||
| P&M** | 14% | |||
| Patent rights and know-how** | 25% | |||
| Special rate P&M e.g. long-life assets and integral features of buildings** | 6% | |||
| Structures and buildings (straight line)† | 3% | |||
| Motor cars | ||||
| CO2 emissions of g/km: | 0* | 1–50 | Over 50 | |
| Capital allowance: | 100% first year | 18% pa** | 6% pa** | |
| *New and unused only **Annual reducing balance †10% for freeports & investment zones | ||||
| Research and Development (R&D) | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 100% | |||
| R&D merged scheme | 20% | |||
| R&D intensive SME payable credit | 14.5% | |||
| R&D intensive SME intensity ratio | 30% | |||
SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS
| Weekly rates for 2026/27 | |||
| Statutory Pay Rates Based on minimum average earnings of at least £129 pw (other than for Statutory Sick Pay): | |||
| Statutory Sick Pay | £123.25 standard rate | ||
| Statutory Maternity Pay/Statutory Adoption Pay | First 6 weeks: 90% of average weekly pay Next 33 weeks: 90% of average weekly pay up to £194.32 | ||
| Statutory Paternity Pay | 90% of average weekly pay up to £194.32 | ||
| Shared Parental Pay | Up to 37 weeks: 90% of average weekly pay up to £194.32 | ||
| Child Benefit (see ‘Income Tax – High Income Child Benefit Charge’) | |||
| First or only child | £27.05 | ||
| Each subsequent child | £17.90 | ||
| Scottish Child Payment | |||
| For certain benefit claimants, per child under 16 | £28.20 | ||
| National Living Wage (NLW)/National Minimum Wage (NMW) | |||
| NLW 21 and over | NMW 18–20 | NMW Under 18/apprentice | |
| Yr to 31/3/27 £/hr | £12.71 | £10.85 | £8.00 |
MAIN DUE DATES FOR TAX PAYMENTS
| Income tax, NICs and capital gains tax – Self-assessment | |||
| 31 Jan in tax year Following 31 July Following 31 Jan | } | Normally 50% of previous year’s income tax (less tax deducted at source) and class 4 NICs Balance of income tax, class 4 NICs and CGT, plus class 2 NICs paid voluntarily | |
| Inheritance tax | |||
| On death: | Normally 6 months after end of month of death | ||
| Lifetime transfer 6 April–30 September: | 30 April in following year | ||
| Lifetime transfer 1 October–5 April: | 6 months after end of month of transfer | ||
| Capital gains tax – residential UK property | |||
| Report and pay within 60 days of completion of conveyance of the property | |||
| Corporation tax – Self-assessment | |||
| Profits under £1,500,000: 9 months + 1 day after end of accounting period | |||
| Profits £1,500,000–£20,000,000: normally payable in 7th, 10th, 13th and 16th months after start of the accounting periodProfits over £20,000,000: normally payable in 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months after start of the accounting period | |||
| Growing companies: no instalments where profits are £10,000,000 or less and the company was not a large company for the previous year. | |||
Make payment on the previous working day where the due date falls on a weekend/bank holiday.
Every month
19 Submit CIS contractors’ monthly return.
22 PAYE/NICs/CIS deductions paid electronically for period ending 5th of the month (19th if not paying electronically).
Month end
Submit CT600 for year ending 12 months previously.
Last day to amend CT600 for year ending 24 months previously.
April 2026
1 New 40% first year allowance for incorporated businesses. National minimum wage rates rise.
6 Dividend ordinary rate and upper rate increased by 2% (additional rate unchanged). Venture capital trust income tax relief reduced to 20%. New 40% first year allowance for unincorporated businesses.CGT business asset disposal relief rate increased to 18%. Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self-Assessment starts for self-employed workers and landlords with total qualifying income over £50,000.
July 2026
5 Last date to agree a new PAYE Settlement Agreement (PSA) for 2025/26.
6 Deadline for employers to submit forms P11D (expenses) and P11D (b) (benefits) for 2025/26 to HMRC and provide copies to employees.
22 Pay class 1A NICs (19 July if not paying electronically).
31 Second payment on account for 2025/26 income tax and class 4 NICs.
August 2026
1 Penalty of 5% of the tax due or £300, whichever is the greater, where the 2024/25 tax return has not been filed.
October 2026
5 Deadline to register for self-assessment for 2025/26.
22 Pay tax and class 1B NICs on PSAs (19th if not paying electronically).
31 Deadline for 2025/26 tax return if filed on paper.
December 2026
30 Deadline to submit 2025/26 tax return online to have underpaid PAYE tax collected through the 27/28 tax code.
January 2027
31 Submit 2025/26 self-assessment tax return online. Pay balance of 2025/26 income tax, class 4 NICs, CGT, class 2 NICs paid voluntarily plus first payment on account for 2026/27 income tax and class 4 NICs.
February 2027
1 Initial penalty imposed where the 2025/26 tax return has not been filed or has been filed on paper after 31 October 2026.
March 2027
3 First 5% penalty imposed on 2025/26 tax unpaid on 3 March.
April 2027
6 Income tax rates increased by 2% across all tax bands on property (England and Northern Ireland) and savings income. Scottish and Welsh rates yet to be determined. ISA cash limit reduced to £12,000 for people under 65. Qualifying income threshold for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax reduced to over £30,000.